mypoliticsnotes

                                                                     9 markers 

The structure will always remain the same for each question. Therefore, you will need to present a point that outlines one way the question can be answered. Each point must be distinct, followed by a clear explanation and an example, and finally an evaluation of what this shows. For example, you must think whether it is an advantage, and what its impact is.

See below for example full mark answers.
REMEMBER: The examiner will only mark your first three paragraphs, so ensure each new point forms a separate paragraph. 

For the AQA specification, in Paper 2, you will be required to answer one 9 marker on comparative theories, i.e. a rational, structural, or cultural question. For these questions, you need a clear understanding of what each theory specifically means. Here's a breakdown:

Rational

This is the trickiest of the three approaches and refers to why individuals act in the way they do. For example, individuals often behave in a self-serving manner to secure their own goals. Kamala Harris dropped out of the presidential race and endorsed Joe Biden, possibly with the hope of becoming Vice President. Acting rationally means individuals make decisions based on what they believe is the most effective way to realise and achieve their personal objectives. Their actions are therefore guided by self-interest rather than the interests of groups, beliefs, or political structures.

Another example is how both Congress members and MPs often face limitations imposed by their own rational interests, particularly in relation to maintaining their own power or electability.

Structural

The structural approach suggests that political decisions and processes are largely shaped or constrained by the structure and rules of a given political system. This includes understanding the constitutional roles, powers, and limits of political institutions and processes. For example, checks on the executive can take different forms: impeachment in the U.S. vs. a vote of no confidence in the UK. These structural mechanisms influence how political actors behave.

Cultural

The cultural approach focuses on groups, beliefs, and values, suggesting that people behave the way they do because of their shared culture, identity, and the norms of the groups to which they belong. This includes understanding how cultural expectations and group influences shape political behaviour.

Examples might include the influence of political parties, pressure groups, factions, or specific voter demographics. This approach looks at how these shared beliefs and values guide decision-making and behaviour within political contexts.